Transparent reporting, risk of bias, inconsistency and precision are important to judging evidence quality.
One paper or statistically significant result does not automatically establish a stable, universal and reproducible conclusion.
We record more than the conclusion: study type, sample, comparison, outcomes, limitations and sources that readers can verify.
Write the question clearly first
We record participants, intervention, comparison and outcomes. “Self-reported relaxation after ten minutes” is not the same question as “long-term clinical outcome”.
Do not stop at the paper title
Individual experiments offer clues; systematic reviews try to organise all relevant studies. PRISMA 2020 and the Cochrane Handbook help readers assess reporting transparency, bias, inconsistency and precision.[1][2]
Evidence coordinates in every article
Each review names its evidence type and states what is reasonably established and what remains uncertain.
- Study type and sample size
- Control condition and measurement
- Consistency of findings
- Applicability to the current product context
- Primary sources and last-updated date
Allow updates while keeping limits visible
Scientific content changes with new research. We show first-published and last-updated dates; when evidence is insufficient, we write “uncertain” instead of hiding it behind polished copy.
References and primary sources
Links open research papers or institutional pages for further reading and verification.
- 01
PRISMA 2020 Statement
PRISMA · 2020
Checklist and flow for transparent reporting of systematic reviews. - 02
Chapter 15: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions
Cochrane Handbook · 2024
Framework for interpreting certainty and limitations of evidence.
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Begin with a question, a response or a different point of view.